This document draws on insights related to current national approaches to monitoring and evaluation of adaptation, and puts them in the context of the international climate negotiations. Section 2 provides a definition of adaptation monitoring and evaluation, and gives an overview of the development of national approaches to adaptation monitoring and evaluation to date. Section 3 then presents examples of national approaches to date showcasing the diversity of existing systems in terms of purpose, indicators and geographical aggregation. Finally, Section 4 concludes with some key challenges related to national approaches to adaptation monitoring and evaluation and to what extent they may benefit from, or contribute to, the UNFCCC process.